Hemorrhoids are swollen veins inside or outside the anus that are usually caused by increased pressure, such as straining when constipated or during pregnancy. Hemorrhoids can cause pain, bleeding, clots, and itching.

Smaller hemorrhoids can be "banded," a procedure in which a small rubber band is placed around the base of the hemorrhoid, which causes the hemorrhoid tissue to die and fall off as a result of lack of blood flow. Hemorrhoid removal may be recommended when nonsurgical treatment, including a fiber-rich diet, laxatives, stool softener, suppositories, medications, and warm baths, has not provided adequate relief